What is Formal and Informal English?

Formal and informal English are two distinct styles of language usage that vary in their level of formality, vocabulary, sentence structure, and overall tone. These styles are employed in different social, professional, and academic settings to effectively communicate and convey meaning. Understanding the characteristics and differences between formal and informal English is crucial for mastering the art of communication in the English language. Two primary styles of English are formal and informal. Understanding the differences between these two styles is crucial for effective communication in various contexts. Whether you are writing a business email, having a professional conversation, or engaging in a casual conversation with friends, knowing which style to use is essential. Let’s delve into what defines formal and informal English and how they are used in various contexts.

Formal English

Formal English is a more structured and polished form of communication. It is typically used in professional or academic settings, official documents, presentations, and formal occasions. The characteristics of formal English include:

1. Vocabulary: Formal English relies on a more extensive and sophisticated vocabulary. It often includes technical terms and avoids slang or colloquial expressions.

Example: Informal: “Let’s hang out later.” Formal: “Would you like to meet up later?”

2. Sentence Structure: Formal English tends to use longer and more complex sentence structures. It emphasizes proper grammar and punctuation.

Example: Informal: “I didn’t know you were going to the party. Can I come with?” Formal: “I was not aware of your attendance at the party. May I accompany you?”

3. Pronouns: In formal English, the use of personal pronouns is more limited. Instead, third-person pronouns or specific titles are preferred.

Example: Informal: “I think we should consider this option.” Formal: “One should consider this option.”

4. Verb Forms: Formal English often employs the subjunctive mood and avoids contractions.

Example: Informal: “I’ll call you later if I can.” Formal: “I will call you later if I am able to.”

Informal English

Informal English is a more relaxed and casual style of communication. It is used in everyday conversations with friends, family, and acquaintances. Informal English allows for a more conversational tone and uses simplified grammar and vocabulary.

1. Vocabulary: Informal English incorporates slang, idioms, and colloquial expressions. It is less concerned with technical terms and more focused on everyday language.

Example: Formal: “It’s a pleasure to meet you.” Informal: “Nice to meet you.”

2. Sentence Structure: Informal English often employs shorter sentences and a more conversational tone. It may include sentence fragments or omit certain words for brevity.

Example: Formal: “Would you like to join us for dinner?” Informal: “Wanna grab dinner with us?”

3. Pronouns: Informal English frequently uses personal pronouns and nicknames. It allows for a more personal and familiar approach.

Example: Formal: “Dr. Johnson will be here shortly.” Informal: “Doc will be here soon.”

4. Verb Forms: Informal English commonly uses contractions and the indicative mood.

Example: Formal: “They are not coming to the party.” Informal: “They aren’t coming to the party.”

When to Use Each Style: The choice between formal and informal English depends on the context, the relationship between the speakers or participants, and the level of formality required. Here are some general guidelines:

1. Formal English is appropriate in professional settings, academic writing, official letters, job applications, business meetings, and presentations.
2. Informal English is suitable for casual conversations, friendly emails, social media interactions, and conversations with friends and family.

It is essential to adapt your language and style based on the situation and the expectations of the people you are communicating with.

How and When to Use Formal and Informal English?

Knowing how and when to use formal and informal English is essential for effective communication. Here are some guidelines to help you navigate between the two styles:

1. Professional Settings: In professional settings such as business meetings, job interviews, or formal presentations, it is important to use formal English. This demonstrates professionalism and respect for the situation. Use complete sentences, avoid contractions, and employ a more sophisticated vocabulary. Remember to address others using appropriate titles, such as “Mr.,” “Ms.,” or professional designations.
2. Academic Writing: When writing academic papers, research reports, or any formal written document, formal English is expected. Follow the prescribed style guide, use proper grammar and punctuation, and avoid colloquial expressions or slang. Maintain a professional tone and structure your sentences and paragraphs coherently.
3. Official Letters and Correspondence: For official letters, cover letters, or any written communication with authorities, formal English should be used. Pay attention to the tone, maintain a polite and respectful approach, and use proper salutations and closings. Keep the language precise and avoid unnecessary informality.
4. Informal Conversations and Social Interactions: In casual conversations with friends, family, or acquaintances, informal English is appropriate. This allows for a more relaxed and friendly tone. Use contractions, employ colloquial expressions, and adapt to the conversational style of those around you. However, still be mindful of the context and adjust your language accordingly. Avoid being overly casual in situations where a higher level of formality is expected.
5. Social Media and Online Interactions: Social media platforms, messaging apps, and online forums generally encourage informal language. However, it’s crucial to be mindful of the audience and the purpose of your communication. While some informality is expected in these digital spaces, avoid using excessive slang, inappropriate language, or disrespectful tones. Maintain a level of professionalism, especially when engaging in professional discussions or online networking.
6. Cultural and Regional Considerations: It’s important to note that the appropriate level of formality may vary across cultures and regions. Some cultures prioritize formality in all communication, while others may have a more relaxed approach. If you are unsure, observe the communication style of those around you and adapt accordingly. When interacting with individuals from different cultural backgrounds, err on the side of caution and choose a more formal approach until you become more familiar with their preferences.

Remember, effective communication involves understanding the expectations of the context and the individuals involved. Adapting your language to the appropriate style demonstrates your linguistic competence and cultural sensitivity.

Slang and Idioms: The Basis of Informal Communication

When it comes to informal communication, slang and idioms play a significant role in adding color, expressiveness, and a sense of camaraderie to conversations. Let’s explore how slang and idioms contribute to informal English and why they are so essential in casual communication.

1. Slang refers to a set of informal words and phrases that are commonly used within specific social groups or communities. It is often characterized by its novelty, informality, and frequent changes. Slang words and expressions can be region-specific, generation-specific, or even specific to certain subcultures or professions. Here’s why slang is important in informal communication:

a. Connection and Inclusion: Slang helps create a sense of belonging and connection among individuals who share a common language and cultural references. Using slang expressions with friends or peers can foster a relaxed and friendly atmosphere, allowing everyone to feel more at ease.

b. Expressiveness and Emphasis: Slang adds expressiveness to conversations by allowing speakers to emphasize certain ideas, feelings, or attitudes. It can convey nuances, humor, or even sarcasm that may not be easily captured through standard or formal language.

c. Current and Trendy: Slang reflects the contemporary language usage and keeps conversations fresh and up-to-date. It often emerges in response to cultural, technological, or societal changes, reflecting the evolving nature of language and its ability to adapt to new contexts.

2. Idioms are phrases or expressions that have a figurative meaning different from their literal interpretation. They are deeply ingrained in informal communication and are often culturally specific. Idioms can be challenging for non-native speakers to understand because their meanings are not always apparent from the individual words used. Here’s why idioms are vital in informal English:

a. Expressing Ideas Concisely: Idioms allow speakers to convey complex ideas or concepts in a concise and vivid manner. By using a well-known idiom, speakers can communicate a message or describe a situation effectively, relying on the shared understanding of the phrase’s figurative meaning.

b. Adding Color and Imagery: Idioms bring color, imagery, and creativity to conversations. They paint a mental picture that captures the essence of a situation or an emotion, making the language more engaging and memorable.

c. Cultural Significance: Idioms often carry cultural significance, reflecting the history, traditions, and values of a particular community. Understanding and using idioms can provide insight into the culture and mindset of native English speakers, promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.

However, it’s important to note that the use of slang and idioms should be context-appropriate. While they are prevalent in informal communication, it is essential to gauge the familiarity and comfort level of your audience before using them. In formal or professional settings, it’s generally best to avoid slang and idioms unless you are confident that they will be well-received.

Video – Formal English and informal English – BBC English Masterclass

TOP of the most popular Formal and Informal Verbs

Informal Verbs	Formal Verbs
get	obtain/receive
put up with	tolerate
find out	discover, ascertain
go up	increase
go down	decrease
figure out	determine
tell	inform
need	require
want	desire
see	observe
think	believe/consider
sort out	resolve
show	demonstrate
set up	establish
look into	investigate
make out	differentiate
build	construct
chat	converse
answer	respond
get together	meet/congregate
take off	remove
look at	examine
give	provide
start	commence
help	assist
come across	encounter
arrive	arrive
block	undermine
bother	get on someone’s nerves
call	ring up
cause	bring about
commence	start
consider	think about
decrease	go down
delay	put off
demonstrate, illustrate, portray	show
discover	find out
establish	set up
examine	look at
explode	blow up
fabricate	make up
fill in	substitute, inform
get on someone’s nerves	bother
greenlight	give the go ahead, authorize, authorise
handle	deal with
indicate	point out
increase	go up
It concerns, It’s in regards to	It’s about
keep	retain
leave out	omit
let	permit
oppose	go against
release	free
represent	stand for
require	need to
show up	arrive
tolerate	put up
undermine	block
give the go ahead, greenlight	authorize, authorise
make	create

Transitions – Informal & Formal

Informal Transitions	Formal Transitions
but	however
so	therefore/consequently
and	in addition/furthermore
also	moreover
because	due to/owing to
like	such as
for example	for instance
a lot	significantly
pretty	relatively/quite
in fact	indeed/actually
anyway	nonetheless
on the other hand	conversely
as a result	as a consequence
for instance	for example
first, second, third	firstly, secondly, thirdly
though	although
this means that	this implies that

Slang – Informal & Formal

Slang	Informal	Formal
gotta	got to	must/need to
omg	oh my gosh	oh my goodness
cuz/cos	because	due to/as a result of
bff	best friend	closest friend
irl	in real life	in actuality
np	no problem	you’re welcome/not a problem
tbh	to be honest	truthfully/frankly
asap	as soon as possible	at the earliest convenience
idk	I don’t know	I am uncertain
btw	by the way	additionally/incidentally
lol	laugh out loud	amuse oneself/finding humor
brb	be right back	returning shortly
lmk	let me know	please inform me
pls/plz	please	please/ kind request
thx/tnx	thanks	thank you/appreciation
fam	family/friends	relatives/close ones
w/o	without	lacking/not having
w/	with	alongside/accompanied by
nvm	nevermind	disregard/ignore
wanna	want to	wish to/desire to
kinda	kind of	somewhat/slightly
ain’t	isn’t/aren’t	is not/are not
dunno	don’t know	do not know

In conclusion, understanding the distinctions between formal and informal English is crucial for effective communication. Both styles have their appropriate uses, and knowing when to switch between them will help you convey your message accurately and appropriately in various contexts. So, whether you are writing a formal report or having a casual chat, being aware of these differences will enhance your language skills and overall fluency in English.