Irregular verbs

Comprehensive Guide to English Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are a unique category of verbs in the English language. Unlike regular verbs, their forms in Past Simple and Past Participle do not follow the standard pattern of adding “-ed”. These verbs have their own distinct forms that need to be memorized, as they are frequently used in everyday speech and writing.

Why Study Irregular Verbs?

There are several hundred irregular verbs in modern English, many of which have roots in Old English, a much more complex language with various grammatical rules. Although English has simplified over time, some verbs have retained their ancient forms, which we now call irregular.

Tips for Mastery

  • Practice Regularly: There is no one-size-fits-all rule for irregular verbs. Consistent practice and repetition are essential.
  • Recognize Variations: Some verbs can have both regular and irregular forms, depending on context or regional use. Our guide highlights the most common variations.
  • Regional Differences: Some irregular verbs have different forms in British and American English. For instance, “learn” can be “learned” or “learnt,” depending on the region.

How to Use This Guide

Our comprehensive table includes all essential irregular verbs in English. We list them in three forms:

  • Infinitive
  • Past Simple
  • Past Participle

Why Keep This Guide?

Having a handy reference guide simplifies learning. Bookmark this page for regular review and practice. It will be a valuable resource in your journey to mastering English.

This guide will be your reliable companion for studying irregular verbs. With this table, you can quickly find the necessary verb forms and save time. Keep this page as a consistent source of useful information to help with exams or to improve your English proficiency.

Table of irregular verbs

InfinitivePast SimplePast Participle
A
to abideabode/abidedabode/abided
to arisearosearisen
to awakeawoke/awakenedawoken/awakened
B
to backslidebackslidbackslid / backslidden
to bewas / werebeen
to bearboreborn / borne
to beatbeatbeaten
to becomebecamebecome
to beginbeganbegun
to bendbentbent
to betbetbet / betted
to bidbid / badebid / bidden
to bindboundbound
to bitebitbitten
to bleedbledbled
to blowblewblown
to breakbrokebroken
to breedbredbred
to bringbroughtbrought
to broadcastbroadcast / broadcastedbroadcast / broadcasted
to browbeatbrowbeatbrowbeaten / browbeat
to buildbuiltbuilt
to burnburnt / burnedburnt / burned
to burstburstburst
to bustbust / bustedbust / busted
to buyboughtbought
C
to castcastcast
to catchcaughtcaught
to choosechosechosen
to clingclungclung
to clotheclad / clothedclad / clothed
to comecаmecome
to costcostcost
to creepcreptcrept
to crossbreedcrossbreedcrossbreed
to cutcutcut
D
to daydreamdaydreamt / daydreameddaydreamt / daydreamed
to daredurstdared
to dealdealtdealt
to digdugdug
to disprovedisproveddisproved / disproven
to divedove / diveddived
to dodiddone
to drawdrewdrawn
to dreamdreamed / dreamtdreamed / dreamt
to drinkdrankdrunk
to drivedrovedriven
to dwelldwelt / dwelleddwelt / dwelled
E
to eatateeaten
F
to fallfellfallen
to feedfedfed
to feelfeltfelt
to fightfoughtfought
to findfoundfound
to fitfit / fittedfit / fitted
to fleefledfled
to flingflungflung
to flyflewflown
to forbidforbadeforbidden
to forecastforecastforecast
to forego / forgoforewentforegone
to foreseeforesawforeseen
to foretellforetoldforetold
to forgetforgotforgotten
to forgiveforgaveforgiven
to forsakeforsookforsaken
to freezefrozefrozen
to frostbitefrostbitfrostbitten
G
to getgotgot / gotten
to givegavegiven
to gowentgone
to grindgroundground
to growgrewgrown
H
to hand-feedhand-fedhand-fed
to handwritehandwrotehandwritten
to hanghunghung
to havehadhad
to hearheardheard
to hewhewedhewn / hewed
to hidehidhidden
to hithithit
to holdheldheld
to hurthurthurt
I
to inbreedinbredinbred
to inlayinlaidinlaid
to inputinput / inputtedinput / inputted
to interbreedinterbredinterbred
to interweaveinterwove / interweavedinterwoven / interweaved
to interwindinterwoundinterwound
J
to jerry-buildjerry-builtjerry-built
K
to keepkeptkept
to kneelknelt / kneeledknelt / kneeled
to knitknitted / knitknitted / knit
to knowknewknown
L
to laylaidlaid
to leadledled
to leanleaned / leantleaned / leant
to leapleaped / leaptleaped / leapt
to learnlearned / learntlearned / learnt
to leaveleftleft
to lendlentlent
to letletlet
to lielaylain
to lightlit / lightedlit / lighted
to lip-readlip-readlip-read
to loselostlost
M
to makemademade
to meanmeantmeant
to meetmetmet
to miscastmiscastmiscast
to misdealmisdealtmisdealt
to misdomisdidmisdone
to misgivemisgavemisgiven
to mishearmisheardmisheard
to misleadmisledmisled
to mishitmishitmishit
to mislearnmislearned / mislearntmislearned / mislearnt
to misreadmisreadmisread
to missetmissetmisset
to misspeakmisspokemisspoken
to misspellmisspelled / misspeltmisspelled / misspelt
to misspendmisspentmisspent
to mistakemistookmistaken
to misteachmistaughtmistaught
to misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood
to miswritemiswrotemiswritten
to mowmowedmowed / mown
О
to offsetoffsetoffset
to outbidoutbidoutbid
to outbreedoutbredoutbred
to outdooutdidoutdone
to outdrawoutdrewoutdrawn
to outdrinkoutdrankoutdrunk
to outdriveoutdroveoutdriven
to outfightoutfoughtoutfought
to outflyoutflewoutflown
to outgrowoutgrewoutgrown
to outleapoutleaped / outleaptoutleaped / outleapt
to outrideoutrodeoutridden
to outrunoutranoutrun
to outselloutsoldoutsold
to outshineoutshined / outshoneoutshined / outshone
to outshootoutshotoutshot
to outsingoutsangoutsung
to outsitoutsatoutsat
to outsleepoutsleptoutslept
to outsmelloutsmelled / outsmeltoutsmelled / outsmelt
to outspeakoutspokeoutspoken
to outspeedoutspedoutsped
to outspendoutspentoutspent
to outswearoutsworeoutsworn
to outswimoutswamoutswum
to outthinkoutthoughtoutthought
to outthrowoutthrewoutthrown
to outwriteoutwroteoutwritten
to overbidoverbidoverbid
to overbuildoverbuiltoverbuilt
to overbuyoverboughtoverbought
to overcomeovercameovercome
to overeatoverateovereaten
to overfeedoverfedoverfed
to overhangoverhungoverhung
to overhearoverheardoverheard
to overlayoverlaidoverlaid
to overpayoverpaidoverpaid
to overrideoverrodeoverridden
to overrunoverrunoverrun
to overseeoversawoverseen
to overselloversoldoversold
to oversewoversewedoversewn / oversewed
to overshootovershotovershot
to oversleepoversleptoverslept
to overspeakoverspokeoverspoken
to overspendoverspentoverspent
to overtakeovertookovertaken
to overthinkoverthoughtoverthought
to overthrowoverthrewoverthrown
to overwindoverwoundoverwound
to overwriteoverwroteoverwritten
P
to partakepartookpartaken
to paypaidpaid
to pleadpleaded / pledpleaded / pled
to presetpresetpreset
to proofreadproofreadproofread
to proveprovedproven / proved
to putputput
Q
to quick-freezequick-frozequick-frozen
to quitquitquit
R
to readreadread
to relayrelaidrelaid
to remakeremaderemade
to repayrepaidrepaid
to resellresoldresold
to resetresetreset
to retellretoldretold
to rewindrewoundrewound
to ridridrid
to rideroderidden
to ringrangrung
to riseroserisen
to roughcastroughcastroughcast
to runranrun
S
to sawsawedsawed / sawn
to saysaidsaid
to seesawseen
to seeksoughtsought
to sellsoldsold
to sendsentsent
to setsetset
to sewsewedsewn / sewed
to shakeshookshaken
to shaveshavedshaved / shaven
to shearshearedsheared / shorn
to shedshedshed
to shineshined / shoneshined / shone
to shitshit / shat / shittedshit / shat / shitted
to shootshotshot
to showshowedshown / showed
to shrinkshrankshrunk
to shutshutshut
to sight-readsight-readsight-read
to singsangsung
to sinksanksunk
to sitsatsat
to slayslewslain
to sleepsleptslept
to slideslidslid
to slingslungslung
to slinkslunkslunk
to slitslitslit
to smellsmeltsmelt
to sneaksneaked / snucksneaked / snuck
to sowsowedsown
to speakspokespoken
to speedspedsped
to spellspeltspelt
to spendspentspent
to spillspiltspilt
to spinspunspun
to spitspit / spatspit / spat
to splitsplitsplit
to spoilspoilt/spoiledspoilt/spoiled
to spoon-feedspoon-fedspoon-fed
to spreadspreadspread
to springsprangsprung
to standstoodstood
to stealstolestole
to stickstuckstuck
to stingstungstung
to stinkstankstunk
to strewstrewedstrewn
to stridestrodestridden
to strikestruckstricken
to stringstrungstrung
to strivestrovestriven
to subletsubletsublet
to sunburnsunburntsunburnt
to swearsworesworn
to sweatsweatsweat
to sweepsweptswept
to swellswelledswollen
to swimswamswum
to swingswungswung
T
to taketooktaken
to teachtaughttaught
to teartoretorn
to telecasttelecasttelecast
to telltoldtold
to test-drivetest-drovetest-driven
to test-flytest-flewtest-flown
to thinkthoughtthought
to throwthrewthrown
to thrustthrustthrust
to treadtrodtrodden
to typesettypesettypeset
to typewritetypewrotetypewritten
U
to unbendunbentunbent
to unbindunboundunbound
to unclotheunclothed / uncladunclothed / unclad
to underbidunderbidunderbid
to undercutundercutundercut
to underfeedunderfedunderfed
to undergounderwentundergone
to underlieunderlayunderlain
to undersellundersoldundersold
to understandunderstoodunderstood
to undertakeundertookundertaken
to underwriteunderwroteunderwritten
to undoundidundone
to unfreezeunfrozeunfrozen
to unhangunhungunhung
to unhideunhidunhidden
to unknitunknitunknit
to unlearnunlearntunlearnt
to unsewunsewedunsewn
to unstickunstuckunstuck
to unstringunstrungunstrung
to unweaveunwoveunwoven
to unwindunwoundunwound
to upholdupheldupheld
to upsetupsetupset
W
to wakewokewoken
to waylaywaylaidwaylaid
to wearworeworn
to weavewovewoven
to wedwedwed
to weepweptwept
to wetwetwet
to winwonwon
to windwoundwound
to withdrawwithdrewwithdrawn
to withholdwithheldwithheld
to withstandwithstoodwithstood
to wringwrungwrung
to writewrotewritten

View all irregular verbs in English

Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
A
to abide abode/abided abode/abided
to arise arose arisen
to awake awoke/awakened awoken/awakened
B
to backslide backslid backslid / backslidden
to be was / were been
to bear bore born / borne
to beat beat beaten
to become became become
to begin began begun
to bend bent bent
to bet bet bet / betted
to bid bid / bade bid / bidden
to bind bound bound
to bite bit bitten
to bleed bled bled
to blow blew blown
to break broke broken
to breed bred bred
to bring brought brought
to broadcast broadcast / broadcasted broadcast / broadcasted
to browbeat browbeat browbeaten / browbeat
to build built built
to burn burnt / burned burnt / burned
to burst burst burst
to bust bust / busted bust / busted
to buy bought bought
C
to cast cast cast
to catch caught caught
to choose chose chosen
to cling clung clung
to clothe clad / clothed clad / clothed
to come cаme come
to cost cost cost
to creep crept crept
to crossbreed crossbreed crossbreed
to cut cut cut
D
to daydream daydreamt / daydreamed daydreamt / daydreamed
to dare durst dared
to deal dealt dealt
to dig dug dug
to disprove disproved disproved / disproven
to dive dove / dived dived
to do did done
to draw drew drawn
to dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed / dreamt
to drink drank drunk
to drive drove driven
to dwell dwelt / dwelled dwelt / dwelled
E
to eat ate eaten
F
to fall fell fallen
to feed fed fed
to feel felt felt
to fight fought fought
to find found found
to fit fit / fitted fit / fitted
to flee fled fled
to fling flung flung
to fly flew flown
to forbid forbade forbidden
to forecast forecast forecast
to forego / forgo forewent foregone
to foresee foresaw foreseen
to foretell foretold foretold
to forget forgot forgotten
to forgive forgave forgiven
to forsake forsook forsaken
to freeze froze frozen
to frostbite frostbit frostbitten
G
to get got got / gotten
to give gave given
to go went gone
to grind ground ground
to grow grew grown
H
to hand-feed hand-fed hand-fed
to handwrite handwrote handwritten
to hang hung hung
to have had had
to hear heard heard
to hew hewed hewn / hewed
to hide hid hidden
to hit hit hit
to hold held held
to hurt hurt hurt
I
to inbreed inbred inbred
to inlay inlaid inlaid
to input input / inputted input / inputted
to interbreed interbred interbred
to interweave interwove / interweaved interwoven / interweaved
to interwind interwound interwound
J
to jerry-build jerry-built jerry-built
K
to keep kept kept
to kneel knelt / kneeled knelt / kneeled
to knit knitted / knit knitted / knit
to know knew known
L
to lay laid laid
to lead led led
to lean leaned / leant leaned / leant
to leap leaped / leapt leaped / leapt
to learn learned / learnt learned / learnt
to leave left left
to lend lent lent
to let let let
to lie lay lain
to light lit / lighted lit / lighted
to lip-read lip-read lip-read
to lose lost lost
M
to make made made
to mean meant meant
to meet met met
to miscast miscast miscast
to misdeal misdealt misdealt
to misdo misdid misdone
to misgive misgave misgiven
to mishear misheard misheard
to mislead misled misled
to mishit mishit mishit
to mislearn mislearned / mislearnt mislearned / mislearnt
to misread misread misread
to misset misset misset
to misspeak misspoke misspoken
to misspell misspelled / misspelt misspelled / misspelt
to misspend misspent misspent
to mistake mistook mistaken
to misteach mistaught mistaught
to misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
to miswrite miswrote miswritten
to mow mowed mowed / mown
О
to offset offset offset
to outbid outbid outbid
to outbreed outbred outbred
to outdo outdid outdone
to outdraw outdrew outdrawn
to outdrink outdrank outdrunk
to outdrive outdrove outdriven
to outfight outfought outfought
to outfly outflew outflown
to outgrow outgrew outgrown
to outleap outleaped / outleapt outleaped / outleapt
to outride outrode outridden
to outrun outran outrun
to outsell outsold outsold
to outshine outshined / outshone outshined / outshone
to outshoot outshot outshot
to outsing outsang outsung
to outsit outsat outsat
to outsleep outslept outslept
to outsmell outsmelled / outsmelt outsmelled / outsmelt
to outspeak outspoke outspoken
to outspeed outsped outsped
to outspend outspent outspent
to outswear outswore outsworn
to outswim outswam outswum
to outthink outthought outthought
to outthrow outthrew outthrown
to outwrite outwrote outwritten
to overbid overbid overbid
to overbuild overbuilt overbuilt
to overbuy overbought overbought
to overcome overcame overcome
to overeat overate overeaten
to overfeed overfed overfed
to overhang overhung overhung
to overhear overheard overheard
to overlay overlaid overlaid
to overpay overpaid overpaid
to override overrode overridden
to overrun overrun overrun
to oversee oversaw overseen
to oversell oversold oversold
to oversew oversewed oversewn / oversewed
to overshoot overshot overshot
to oversleep overslept overslept
to overspeak overspoke overspoken
to overspend overspent overspent
to overtake overtook overtaken
to overthink overthought overthought
to overthrow overthrew overthrown
to overwind overwound overwound
to overwrite overwrote overwritten
P
to partake partook partaken
to pay paid paid
to plead pleaded / pled pleaded / pled
to preset preset preset
to proofread proofread proofread
to prove proved proven / proved
to put put put
Q
to quick-freeze quick-froze quick-frozen
to quit quit quit
R
to read read read
to relay relaid relaid
to remake remade remade
to repay repaid repaid
to resell resold resold
to reset reset reset
to retell retold retold
to rewind rewound rewound
to rid rid rid
to ride rode ridden
to ring rang rung
to rise rose risen
to roughcast roughcast roughcast
to run ran run
S
to saw sawed sawed / sawn
to say said said
to see saw seen
to seek sought sought
to sell sold sold
to send sent sent
to set set set
to sew sewed sewn / sewed
to shake shook shaken
to shave shaved shaved / shaven
to shear sheared sheared / shorn
to shed shed shed
to shine shined / shone shined / shone
to shit shit / shat / shitted shit / shat / shitted
to shoot shot shot
to show showed shown / showed
to shrink shrank shrunk
to shut shut shut
to sight-read sight-read sight-read
to sing sang sung
to sink sank sunk
to sit sat sat
to slay slew slain
to sleep slept slept
to slide slid slid
to sling slung slung
to slink slunk slunk
to slit slit slit
to smell smelt smelt
to sneak sneaked / snuck sneaked / snuck
to sow sowed sown
to speak spoke spoken
to speed sped sped
to spell spelt spelt
to spend spent spent
to spill spilt spilt
to spin spun spun
to spit spit / spat spit / spat
to split split split
to spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled
to spoon-feed spoon-fed spoon-fed
to spread spread spread
to spring sprang sprung
to stand stood stood
to steal stole stole
to stick stuck stuck
to sting stung stung
to stink stank stunk
to strew strewed strewn
to stride strode stridden
to strike struck stricken
to string strung strung
to strive strove striven
to sublet sublet sublet
to sunburn sunburnt sunburnt
to swear swore sworn
to sweat sweat sweat
to sweep swept swept
to swell swelled swollen
to swim swam swum
to swing swung swung
T
to take took taken
to teach taught taught
to tear tore torn
to telecast telecast telecast
to tell told told
to test-drive test-drove test-driven
to test-fly test-flew test-flown
to think thought thought
to throw threw thrown
to thrust thrust thrust
to tread trod trodden
to typeset typeset typeset
to typewrite typewrote typewritten
U
to unbend unbent unbent
to unbind unbound unbound
to unclothe unclothed / unclad unclothed / unclad
to underbid underbid underbid
to undercut undercut undercut
to underfeed underfed underfed
to undergo underwent undergone
to underlie underlay underlain
to undersell undersold undersold
to understand understood understood
to undertake undertook undertaken
to underwrite underwrote underwritten
to undo undid undone
to unfreeze unfroze unfrozen
to unhang unhung unhung
to unhide unhid unhidden
to unknit unknit unknit
to unlearn unlearnt unlearnt
to unsew unsewed unsewn
to unstick unstuck unstuck
to unstring unstrung unstrung
to unweave unwove unwoven
to unwind unwound unwound
to uphold upheld upheld
to upset upset upset
W
to wake woke woken
to waylay waylaid waylaid
to wear wore worn
to weave wove woven
to wed wed wed
to weep wept wept
to wet wet wet
to win won won
to wind wound wound
to withdraw withdrew withdrawn
to withhold withheld withheld
to withstand withstood withstood
to wring wrung wrung
to write wrote written
Spread the love
error: Content is protected !!